Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) performed a controlled crash impact with its Moon Impact Probe (MIP) on 14 November 2008. The European Space Agency performed a controlled crash impact with their orbiter SMART-1 on 3 September 2006. Japan's lunar orbiter Hiten impacted the Moon's surface on 10 April 1993. These have generally been end-of-life lunar orbiters that, because of system degradations, could no longer overcome perturbations from lunar mass concentrations ("masscons") to maintain their orbit. More recently, other nations have crashed spacecraft on the surface of the Moon at speeds of around 8,000 kilometres per hour (5,000 mph), often at precise, planned locations. Surveyor 4 lost all radio contact only moments before its landing. In addition, several unmanned landing missions achieved the Lunar surface but were unsuccessful, including: Luna 15, Luna 18, and Luna 23 all crashed on landing and the U.S. Following the failure at launch in 1969 of the first Lunokhod, Luna E-8 No.201, the Luna 17 and Luna 21 were successful unmanned lunar rover missions in 19. This was followed by Luna 20 and Luna 24 in 19, respectively. The Soviet Union achieved the first unmanned lunar soil sample return with the Luna 16 probe on 24 September 1970. followed with five unmanned Surveyor soft landings. In 1966 the USSR accomplished the first soft landings and took the first pictures from the lunar surface during the Luna 9 and Luna 13 missions. spacecraft have used braking rockets to make soft landings and perform scientific operations on the lunar surface, between 19.
12 Soviet circumlunar loop flights (1967–1970).10 Soviet lunar orbit satellites (1966–1974).9 Transition from direct ascent landings to lunar orbit operations.
7 Soviet unmanned soft landings (1966–1976).5 Early Soviet unmanned lunar missions (1958–1965).To date, the United States is the only country to have successfully conducted manned missions to the Moon, with the last departing the lunar surface in December, 1972. landings (between 19) and numerous unmanned landings, with no soft landings happening from 22 August 1976 until 14 December 2013. The United States' Apollo 11 was the first manned mission to land on the Moon, on 20 July 1969. The first human-made object to reach the surface of the Moon was the Soviet Union's Luna 2 mission, on 13 September 1959. This includes both manned and unmanned (robotic) missions. Ī Moon landing is the arrival of a spacecraft on the surface of the Moon. An estimated 500 million people worldwide watched this event, the largest television audience for a live broadcast at that time. Still frame from a video transmission, taken moments before Neil Armstrong became the first human to step onto the surface of the Moon, at 02:56 UTC on 21 July 1969. Luna 2 was the first man-made object to reach the surface of the Moon (bottom-left).Except for the Apollo program, all soft landings were unmanned. Clickable map of the locations of all successful soft landings on the Moon to date (top).ĭates are landing dates in UTC.For other uses, see Moon landing (disambiguation). For the first manned Moon landing, see Apollo 11 and Apollo program.
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